African Americans in the Civil War


African Americans in the Civil War
Students learn how the Civil War reshaped power, opportunity, and resistance for Black Americans by examining how enslaved and free Black people experienced the war differently and contributed to the Union effort in meaningful ways.

This learning experience is designed for device-enabled classrooms. The teacher guides the lesson, and students use embedded resources, social media skills, and critical thinking skills to actively participate. To get access to a free version of the complete lesson, sign up for an exploros account.

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Here are the teacher pack items for African Americans in the Civil War:

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Overview

In this experience, students examine how African Americans navigated the Civil War by analyzing the impacts of war and the ways people acted for themselves under unequal and dangerous conditions. First, students consider how people without formal power can still make choices during conflict, using a word wall to surface ideas about action, survival, and resistance. Next, students learn how the war affected enslaved people and free Black communities differently by examining restrictions, violence, displacement, and forced labor alongside the choices people made to protect families, resist control, and seek freedom. Then, students analyze Black military service by exploring why African Americans chose to fight for the Union, how they were treated within the army, and how their service contributed to Union success despite discrimination. Finally, the Elaborate scene invites students to explore Susie King Taylor's life and firsthand account to understand how Black women’s labor, care, and service supported the Union war effort and expanded ideas about what service meant during the Civil War.

Estimated Duration: 45–60 minutes

Vocabulary:

  • agency: the ability to make choices and take action for oneself even when facing limits or control
  • contraband: enslaved people who escaped to Union lines and were treated as seized enemy property
  • Militia Act of 1862: a law that allowed African American men to serve in the Union Army, first in non-combat roles
  • refugeeing: the forced movement of enslaved people by enslavers to keep them away from Union armies
 

Objectives:

  • Compare how enslaved people and free Blacks experienced the Civil War
  • Describe ways Black Americans contributed to the Union war effort
  • Explain how war conditions shaped choices, resistance, and opportunity for enslaved people and Free Blacks


Before beginning, it is a good idea to briefly review the meaning of the term segregated. Ensuring students share a clear understanding of this term will support their analysis of African American experiences and treatment during the Civil War.


Students will work in small groups for the final two activities in the Explain scene. Consider previewing these activities to inform grouping.


A sepia-toned photograph shows two Black men in Union Army uniforms, one standing and one seated. Both men wear caps and coats with sergeant's chevrons on the sleeves, posing together for a formal portrait.

Two unidentified Black soldiers in Union sergeants' uniforms


Power and authority shape how conflicts unfold, but they do not determine every action people take. Even when formal power is limited, individuals and groups have found ways to respond, influence events, and act on their own behalf.


When people lack power during a conflict, what are some ways they might still act for themselves?

Add one or two words to the word wall to suggest how someone might act. To list multiple items, separate them with a comma, like this: executive branch, judicial branch.

Post your answer

After students complete the word wall, help them notice patterns in the words that were added. Guide a discussion about how people without formal power might still act for themselves during a conflict by asking: What kinds of actions show up most often on our word wall? and Which words suggest taking risks, and which suggest surviving or adapting? Use student responses to surface the idea that agency can look different depending on circumstances and does not always involve open resistance.

Then, guide students to connect these ideas to the Civil War context by asking: How might enslaved people and free Black people have experienced the war differently when it came to these actions? and Which of these actions might have been possible for both groups, even if the risks were not the same? Use the discussion to press students to think about how legal status shaped people’s choices during the war


In this experience, you will learn how African Americans, both enslaved and free, acted with purpose during the Civil War by shaping their own paths toward freedom, contributing to the Union war effort, and pressing for rights in a time of conflict.

Objectives:

  • Compare how enslaved people and free Blacks experienced the Civil War
  • Describe ways Black Americans contributed to the Union war effort
  • Explain how war conditions shaped choices, resistance, and opportunity for enslaved people and Free Blacks


When everyone is ready to continue, unlock the next scene.

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