Secularization vs. Religion in the Modern State


Secularization vs. Religion in the Modern State
Students predict the principles for a separation between church and state. Then they do a high-level review of the changing role of religion in the region of modern Turkey—the Byzantine Empire and Christianity, the Ottoman Empire and Islam, Atatürk and secularization—and they take a stand on the role of the Hagia Sophia. Next they learn about the Islamic Revolution in Iran and discuss the unintended consequences. Finally they research the role of religion in a given country.

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Overview

In this experience, students predict the principles for a separation between church and state. Then they do a high-level review of the changing role of religion in the region of modern Turkey—the Byzantine Empire and Christianity, the Ottoman Empire and Islam, Atatürk and secularization—and they take a stand on the role of the Hagia Sophia. Next they learn about the Islamic Revolution in Iran and discuss the unintended consequences. Finally they research the role of religion in a given country.

Students will collaborate in small groups for scene 3 to scene 4.

Objectives

  • Describe examples of secularization and religious governments in the Republic of Turkey and the Islamic Republic of Iran.
  • Analyze the role of religion in a nation.


Engage


The First Amendment in the Bill of Rights begins with these words: “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.” This phrase is called the Establishment Clause. Thomas Jefferson declared that when the American people adopted it, they built a “wall of separation between the church and state.” In this experience you will learn about some nations that do not separate between religion and the state.

Objectives

  • Describe examples of secularization and religious governments in the Republic of Turkey and the Islamic Republic of Iran.
  • Analyze the role of religion in a nation.


photo of an American flag alongside a church steeple

What do you think are the principles of a “separation between the church and state”?

Post your answer

The Establishment Clause prohibits the government from establishing a state religion and from favoring one religion over another.

The degree of political separation between the church and the civil state is determined by the legal structures. The “arm's length principle” proposes a relationship in which the political entities of the government and religious institutions interact each independently of the authority of the other. Legal views that define the proper relationship between organized religion and the state change over time.

Ask students to consider various scenarios and whether they violate the separation between the church and the state:
  • A city hall displaying a manger at Christmas time
  • A school requiring daily recitation of the Lord’s Prayer
  • A Bible study group meeting at the town public library
  • The phrase “In God We Trust” on American currency


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