In late 1832, South Carolina declared the federal tariffs of 1828 and 1832 null and void within the state. The ordinance warned that if the federal government tried to collect the tariffs, South Carolina might secede from the Union.
President Andrew Jackson backed states' rights in many ways. However, he believed the Union should be kept intact. On December 10, 1832, he issued a long proclamation to the people of South Carolina. He argued that the Constitution created a government of the people, not a loose league of states. He warned that disunion by armed force would be treason and said he would carry out the laws.
Jackson paired his words with action. He strengthened federal positions near Charleston. General Winfield Scott took charge of the troops there. He moved the customs office to a safer location. He also sent naval ships to guard federal property. These steps showed that the government was prepared to enforce tariff collection if needed.
At the same time, Jackson wanted a peaceful outcome. He urged Congress to give him clear legal backing while also signaling that tariff rates could be reduced. In early 1833, Congress passed two key measures. The Force Act allowed the president to use the military to collect customs duties if needed. Congress then approved a tariff plan that Senator Henry Clay wrote. The compromise would gradually lower tariff rates over the years. This way, both sides can save face.
Faced with both firmness and compromise, South Carolina stepped back from the edge. A state convention met again in March 1833 and repealed the Ordinance of Nullification. The convention voted to nullify the Force Act. This decision served as a clear, symbolic protest. Jackson ignored the gesture. The crisis was avoided, so the law wasn't needed.
The Nullification Crisis ended without a battle, but it left a deep mark on the nation. Jackson showed that the executive branch would defend the Union and enforce federal laws. South Carolina showed how far a state might go to protect states’ rights. The dispute showed rising regional tensions. It also hinted at the arguments that would come back in the 1850s about slavery and secession.